Reference | Y4RDY5FF (65) (Excluded)

The level of AMR in E. coli from broilers and turkeys is higher in clinical isolates than in non-clinical isolates and (2) there is a demonstrable association between changes in AMU and changes in AMR in isolates from broilers and turkeys. In order to challenge our two hypotheses, we applied univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses comparing resistance prevalence of clinical and non-clinical isolates of E. coli from broilers and turkeys. Further variables also included in the analyses were: (1) year (2014 to 2017) and (2) AMU (in broilers and turkeys).

Phenotypic resistance data on clinical and non-clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from two different sources from 2014 to 2017. Data on non-clinical isolates from caecal samples originated from the German Zoonosis-Monitoring programme (ZoMo) [44]. Data on clinical isolates from different sample types originated from the German Resistance Monitoring of Veterinary Pathogens (GERM-VET) [45]. Data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of clinical and non-clinical E. coli isolates had both been obtained by broth microdilution.

AST Method: Broth Microdilution

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: None

Reference reports using a MIC table: None