Reference | Mughini.Gras2020 (40005)

Samples of litter from 28 conventional turkey farms and from 4 organic turkey farms were collected for AMR testing of E. coli as indicator bacteria. Conventional farms were randomly selected within the densely populated poultry area of North-East Italy, which is characterized by the highest density of poultry in Italy and one of the highest in Europe (Mulatti et al., 2010), whereas the 4 organic farms were located in central Italy (Umbria region). Were taken by walking around in the shed: swabs were then pooled into one sample and kept refrigerated until examination.

Sampling of conventional farms took place twice, in late winter (February-March) and in mid-summer (July-August) of 2012–2013 as part of another study (Di Martino et al., 2018), whereas sampling of organic farms took place only once in summer. Litter samples were taken from one shed per farm using 2 pairs of boot swabs (overshoes) following the sampling protocol of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1190/2012. Briefly, the boot swabs were put on the boots and the samples were taken by walking around in the shed: swabs were then pooled into one sample and kept refrigerated until examination. Each sample (2 pairs of boot swabs) was pre-enriched by incubation at 37 6 1C for 18 6 2 h in 250 mL of buffer peptone water.

AST Method: Broth Microdilution

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: False

Reference reports using a MIC table: False