Reference | Ozawa2012 (20014)

A total of 327 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy pigs from 42 of 47 Japanese prefectures between 2004 and 2007 under the JVARM scheme (National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, 2009). Surveyed farms (up to 12 farms in each prefecture) were randomly selected without regard of the number of farms in each prefecture and one fecal sample per farm was collected. Data on the recent use of veterinary antimicrobial products within the six months prior to the day of survey were collected from interviews with farmers based on records of veterinary antimicrobials use at each of the farms that participated in the JVARM program. A structured questionnaire administered by veterinarians in the prefectural livestock hygiene service centers was used (Koike et al., 2008). Antimicrobial use was categorized into seven classes: (i) aminoglycosides, (ii) beta-lactams, (iii)macrolides (including lincosamides), (iv) sulfonamides, (v)tetracyclines, (vi) phenicols, and (vii) fluoroquinolones.

A total of 327 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy pigs from 42 of 47 Japanese prefectures plus on fecal sample from each of the 12 surveyed farms.

AST Method: None

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: True

Reference reports using a MIC table: False