Reference | Humphrey2005 (20000)

Flocks about to be treated with fluoroquinolone for a clinically relevant infection were identified by an alert system. There were six occasions when flock were treated. Difloxacin or enrofloxacin were used. Flock 1 (ca.500 barn-reared birds), Flock 3 (a free-range flock of ca.300 birds), Flock 4 (a large broiler flock of ca.20,000 birds) & Flock 5 (ca.1250 free-range birds) were all treated with difloxacin. Flock 6 (ca.5000 free-range birds) received enrofloxacin. Flock 2 remained campylobacter free throughout the sampling period.

Samples were collected from the flocks before treatment (1 to 5 days prior to the start of treatment), during treatment (2 to 5 days after the start of treatment), and after treatment (weekly for up to 4 weeks posttreatment) until the flock was slaughtered. Fecal samples were collected and placed into sterile plastic containers. The lip and the lid of the container were used to collect one freshly voided, individual fecal specimen from the broiler house floor. Up to 14 fecal samples were collected on each farm visit. Environmental samples were also collected. Samples of drinking and puddle water were collected in sterile plastic containers, while pooled samples of feed and litter were collected from the broiler house in sterile plastic bags. Surfaces (i.e., the broiler house walls and floor) were sampled as follows. Sterile cotton wool pads (10 g) were placed in a stomacher 400 bag (180 by 300 mm) and moistened by pouring 20 ml of maximum recovery diluent (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) into the bag. The bag was inverted, and the swabs were rubbed over about 0.1 m2 of the surface to be sampled. The swab was returned to the bag and left at the site for a few minutes. The bag was then inverted again and the swabs were rubbed over the same surface. All samples were transported to the laboratory within 3 h of collection.

AST Method: None

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: True

Reference reports using a MIC table: False