Reference | Zou_2017_JoofMi (10378) (Excluded)

Four conventionally raised lactating sows and their newborn piglets (eight piglets: two piglets per litter) in the same pig farm were used as feces donors. Piglets were started on creep feeding (no antibiotics were added) at 7 days old and weaned at 25 days old. The piglets did not receive any antibiotic except for gentamicin, which was given by gastric gavage once (1 week after birth). Both of the sows and piglets were fed a commercial feed mixture ad libitum (74.88 mg/kg chlortetracycline was added in weaned piglets’ feed). The creep feed and weaned piglets’ feed were collected to detect the concentration of chlortetracycline, olaquindox, and copper.

For piglets, two piglets from each litter were marked, and their fecal samples were collected at 7 days old (just before creep feeding) and 55 days old (one month after weaning). For sows, feces samples were collected at 7 days after parturition.

AST Method: None

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: True

Reference reports using a MIC table: True