Factor | Bywater_2005_JoofAnCh (10371)

10.1093/jac/dki273

Growth Promoter Ban (Holland)

Swine | Not Specified

7

Description

Avilamycin, bacitracin, flavophospholipol/bambermycin, spiramycin, tylosin, virginiamycin were available in Holland as growth promoters during year 1 (pre-ban), while only avilamycin and flavophospholipol were authorized for such use in year 2 (post-ban).

Resistance Outcomes

Resistance Microbe Outcome
Avilamycin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 0.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 0.40 245
Avoparcin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 6.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 6.00 245
Bacitracin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 75.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 66.00 245
Bambermycin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 97.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 98.00 245
Spiramycin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 83.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 56.00 245
Tylosin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 83.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 56.00 245
Virginiamycin
/
Enterococcus faecium
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 24.00 311
Post-Ban (Year 2) 6.00 245