Factor | Bywater_2005_JoofAnCh (10371)

10.1093/jac/dki273

Growth Promoter Ban (Holland)

Chicken | None

7

Description

Avilamycin, bacitracin, flavophospholipol/bambermycin, spiramycin, tylosin, virginiamycin were available in Holland as growth promoters during year 1 (pre-ban), while only avilamycin and flavophospholipol were authorized for such use in year 2 (post-ban).

Resistance Outcomes

Resistance Microbe Outcome
Avilamycin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 21.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 64.00 315
Avoparcin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 2.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 2.00 315
Bacitracin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 96.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 94.00 315
Bambermycin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 91.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 91.00 315
Spiramycin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 73.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 54.00 315
Tylosin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 73.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 54.00 315
Virginiamycin
/
Enterococcus None
See: Table 4 AMR+ (%) AMR- (%) Total (n)
Pre-Ban (Year 1) 55.00 318
Post-Ban (Year 2) 36.00 315