Reference | Bibbal_2009_AppandEnvMic (10367) (Excluded)

Eighteen 7-week-old, commercial healthy piglets that had never received antibiotics were used. These pigs were housed separately in individual pens during all experiments. Ampicillin was administered once a day using a dose of 20 mg/kg for 7 days by using three modes: the intramuscular route, the oral route in fasting pigs, and the oral route in fed pigs. The design was described in our previous study (2). Briefly, the study consisted of three temporally independent trials separated by 3-week intervals (in March, April, and May) involving six pigs per experiment, which were treated as follows: four pigs received ampicillin using two treatment modes (two pigs per mode), and two pigs were used as controls. Intramuscular injections of sodium ampicillin (Ampicilline Cadril; Laboratory Coophavet, Ancenis, France) were administered in the neck. For the oral route, a medicinal premix (Ampicilline 80 Porc Franvet; Laboratory Franvet, Segre´, France) was dissolved in water and administered by gastric intubation. Ampicillin doses were based on approved doses for ampicillin in swine in France. For the oral route, the approved dose for the medicinal premix is 20 mg/kg per day, and for the intramuscular route, the approved dose range is 14 to 28 mg/kg per day. All pigs came from the same herd, for which 3-week batch farrowing management was used. The pigs used in a trial came from the same batch.

Fecal samples were obtained from each pig before treatment and after 4 and 7 days of treatment. Samples were obtained from control pigs at the same times. Feces (5 g) from each pig and 45 ml of peptone water, including 30% glycerol, were placed in a BagFilter filter bag (Interscience, St. Nom, France).

AST Method: Disk Diffusion

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: False

Reference reports using a MIC table: False