Amachawadi, Raghavendra G. and Shelton, Nick W. and Jacob, Megan E. and Shi, Xiaorong and Narayanan, Sanjeev K. and Zurek, Ludek and Dritz, Steve S. and Nelssen, Jim L. and Tokach, Mike D. and Nagaraja, T. G. (United States of America)
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (2010)
Fecal enterococci for this study were obtained from weaned piglets fed diets supplemented with or without an elevated supplemental level of copper supplied by copper sulfate. The study was designed and conducted to assess the performance benefits of supplementation of copper, zinc, or antibiotics. One hundred and fifty weaned pigs (21 days old with an average body weight of 6.0 +/- 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments. The five dietary treatments were basal diet with 16.5 ppm of supplemental copper and 165 ppm of supplemental zinc (control), basal diet supplemented with 125 ppm of copper provided by copper sulfate (copper group), basal diet supplemented with 3000 ppm of zinc provided by zinc oxide (zinc group), basal diet supplemented with 125 ppm copper and 3000 ppm of zinc (copper and zinc group), and basal diet supplemented with neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline (Neo/Oxy 10/10; Penfield Animal Health, Omaha, NE; antibiotic group) at 55 mg/kg of feed (1:1). In treatment groups that were supplemented with zinc (zinc and copper and zinc groups), the level of zinc supplementation was reduced from 3000 to 2000 ppm after 14 days (Smith et al., 1997). The levels of copper and zinc supplemented in the basal diet are typical supplementation rates provided in nursery diets to meet the nutrient needs of the piglets. The basal diet consisted of corn, soybean meal, and vitamins, amino acids, and trace mineral supplements, and piglets were housed in an environmentally controlled nursery facility. Each dietary treatment group had a total of 30 piglets assigned to 6 pens with 5 piglets per pen. Piglets were fed the treatment diets for 5 weeks.
During each week of the study, fecal samples were obtained from three randomly selected piglets per pen and the samples were transported on ice immediately to the laboratory. ~ 1 g from each sample was retained for further analyses.
AST Method: Multiple Methods
Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: Uncertain
Reference reports using a MIC table: False
Is Excluded: False
| Country | Sub-Region | Sub-Region Detail |
|---|---|---|
| United States of America | Kansas (State) | Manhattan |
| ID | Note | Resolution |
|---|
| Title | Host | Host | Production Stage | Description | ROs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimicrobial Use | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet vs Elevated copper diet. AST method was micro-broth dilution, performed on all 15 tcrB positive isolates and 15 tcrB negative isolates from the control group. Data are totals across all 5 sampling weeks. | 5 |
| Diet Supplementation | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet: 16.5 ppm copper, 165 ppm zinc. Copper and zinc diet: 125 ppm copper and 3000 ppm zinc (2000 ppm after 14 days). AMR+ isolates are those that were positive for the tcrB gene (PCR). Data represent sampling week 5. | 1 |
| Diet Supplementation | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet: 16.5 ppm copper, 165 ppm zinc. Elevated copper diet: 125 ppm copper through copper sulfate. AMR+ isolates are those that were positive for the tcrB gene (PCR). Data represents sampling week 5. | 1 |
| Diet Supplementation | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet: 16.5 ppm copper, 165 ppm zinc. Elevated zinc diet: 3000 ppm zinc provided by zinc oxide (reduced to 2000 ppm after 14 days). AMR+ isolates are those that were positive for the tcrB gene (PCR). Data represent sampling week 5. | 1 |
| Antimicrobial Use | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet vs Elevated copper and zinc diet. AST method was micro-broth dilution, performed on all 15 tcrB positive isolates and 15 tcrB negative isolates from the control group. Data are totals across all 5 sampling weeks. | 5 |
| Antimicrobial Use | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet: 16.5 ppm copper, 165 ppm zinc. Neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline diet: Neo/Oxy 10/10 at 55 mg/kg of feed (1:1). AMR+ isolates are those that were positive for the tcrB gene (PCR). Data represent sampling week 5. | 1 |
| Antimicrobial Use | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet vs Neomycin sulfate and oxytetracycline diet. AST method was micro-broth dilution, performed on all 15 tcrB positive isolates and 15 tcrB negative isolates from the control group. Data are totals across all 5 sampling weeks. | 5 |
| Antimicrobial Use | Swine | Weaners | Farm | Control diet vs Elevated zinc diet. AST method was micro-broth dilution, performed on all 15 tcrB positive isolates and 15 tcrB negative isolates from the control group. Data are totals across all 5 sampling weeks. | 5 |