Reference | Zwonitzer2016 (10139)

The objectives of this study were to quantify the resistance levels of isolates collected from conventional and organic swine production facilities. Organic farms reported no antibiotic use (2 farms). Conventional farms reported NT-80 use (2 farms) (NT-80 = proprietary feed additive including chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin in combination and at times tylosin if needed) or Tylan use Manure samples were collected from six farms. Two farms were managed organically and four were managed conventionally -- where antibiotics were administered at subtherapeutic levels. Farms included were breeding, farrowing, and finishing.

At four locations fresh manure samples were collected and at two locations samples were collected from a deep pit and lagoon. Samples were collected in sterile 1-L plastic containers, transported, stored at <4°C, and processed within 6 h of collection.

AST Method: Agar Dilution

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: True

Reference reports using a MIC table: True