Factor | Sapkota2011 (10102)

Newly organic farming

Chicken | Broilers

Description

Litter samples from farms. Organic farms were previously large-scale conventional farms and were producing their first flock of certified organic broilers. Conventional farms were large-scale, maintaining conventional practices and using antibiotics.

Resistance Outcomes

Resistance

Microbe

Outcome

Chloramphenicol
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		63
Conventional farming	0		45

Ciprofloxacin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	3		63
Conventional farming	3		45

Erythromycin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	11		63
Conventional farming	27		45

Bambermycin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	1		63
Conventional farming	4		45

Gentamicin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		63
Conventional farming	5		45

Kanamycin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	5		63
Conventional farming	11		45

Lincomycin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	63		63
Conventional farming	45		45

Nitrofurantoin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	3		63
Conventional farming	3		45

Penicillins, Combinations With Other Antibacterials
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		63
Conventional farming	3		45

Streptomycin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	7		63
Conventional farming	16		45

Quinupristin And Dalfopristin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	38		63
Conventional farming	7		45

Tetracycline
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	63		63
Conventional farming	43		45

Tylosin
/

Enterococcus faecalis

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	13		63
Conventional farming	29		45

Chloramphenicol
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		18
Conventional farming	0		42

Ciprofloxacin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	9		18
Conventional farming	26		42

Erythromycin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	1		18
Conventional farming	4		42

Bambermycin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	14		18
Conventional farming	21		42

Gentamicin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		18
Conventional farming	9		42

Kanamycin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		18
Conventional farming	14		42

Lincomycin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	9		18
Conventional farming	40		42

Nitrofurantoin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	7		18
Conventional farming	31		42

Penicillins, Combinations With Other Antibacterials
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	1		18
Conventional farming	22		42

Streptomycin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	1		18
Conventional farming	4		42

Quinupristin And Dalfopristin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	1		18
Conventional farming	8		42

Tetracycline
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	4		18
Conventional farming	36		42

Tylosin
/

Enterococcus faecium

See: Table 4	AMR+ (n)	AMR- (n)	Total (n)
Organic farming	0		18
Conventional farming	3		42