Reference | Roth2019 (10100) (Excluded)

total of 2000 day-of-hatch Ross708 male broiler chicks were assigned to 5 treatmentgroups, with 8 replicate blocks, and allocated intogroups of 50 birds per pen. The first group was the negative control(NC) and only group without APEC challenge waspositioned at a distance of two empty pens from thenext group. The second group served as a challengecontrol (CC),and the third group received 100 g ofampicillin trihydrate (AB) (= 86.6 g of ampicillin) per1000 L of water (AmpiciphR; bela-pharm GmbH &Co. KG, Germany) from day 11 to day 15 of the trial.The fourth group received a top-dressed FA composedof 20% formic acid, 10% acetic acid, and 5% propi-onic acid, as well as 2.5% cinnamaldehyde (BiotronicRTop3; BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Austria) at a doseof 2 kg/t of feed during the entire trial period. fifth SA group received the multistrain synbiotic prod-uct PoultryStarR(BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Austria),containingEnterococcus,Pediococcus,Bifidobacterium,andLactobacillusisolated from healthy chicken gutscombined with inulin, via feed and water. PoultryStarRme was provided via feed at a concentration of 1 kg/tof feed (2A-108CFU/kg of feed), and PoultryStarRsolwas provided via drinking water on days 1, 2, 3, 16, 17,and 18 of the trial at a dose of 20 g per 1000 birds perday. All groups except NC received oral challenge withmulti-resistantE. coliwith resistance to ampicillin,cephalexin, and nalidixic acid.

On the 17th and 38th days of the trial, 3 chicksper pen were randomly selected and humanely euthanized by using CO2. The intestinal tract of each chickwas dissected after slaughter, and a total of 240 ce-cal samples were collected

AST Method: Other

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: False

Reference reports using a MIC table: True