Reference | Kaspersen2018 (10015)

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the occurrence of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) in various animal species in relation to human population density. Data from the NORM-VET programme from 2006 to 2016 was extracted from the internal recording system of the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. The categorization of population density was performed as previously described (Mo et al., 2017) into the following categories: - Low population density (< five inhabitants per km2) - Medium population density (five–200 inhabitants per km2) - High population density (> 200 inhabitants per km2) In total, 4568 isolates of indicator E. coli from various healthy animal species were included in this study. Isolates were classified as resistant if the MIC-values were above the ECOFF values 0.06 mg/L for ciprofloxacin and/or 16 mg/L for nalidixic acid.

Sample material was either faecal, caecal or boot swabs. For broilers, all samples taken before 2014 were boot swabs, while after 2014 the samples were pooled caecal samples.

AST Method: Broth Microdilution

Reference explicitly reports AST breakpoints: True

Reference reports using a MIC table: True